Properties of light. �6^Ǻ�f}���؟b� ��3�U{y7�N������~7o9����2�9, �?� ����r��"��p��p7; ��3�V�k?������߭��Τw�8~^�dMf��LA��~ ��a���Is�c�I��C��m�i7K�g�f�1f5��а����f]�`�6r�"?3�wb�3�p�O0�d��q��:?�:�]��}�>�K��GN��5s����rY�Y>!����g���QӅ������_�Q���?�����v�����t�����?�a�]�����v������~��9��x��_�0����v�]M+�]�hC�eu���>�t��Y]�a��1_]p��g�~�P��]�@�.����sF�ϥ�Z�:�l�R�p�=�h{pvxk�g��G�-K�*����vY�Y홬2���8훭 ���j*vb�2�Uڙ�SpOo���c~���N3���~u������3x:�l�g $��8M�'K a�/�Z2g���V@ܝ��:*7�[����@�n��faxR�v��x�dܼ>\+���揆�fOZ����t����R���������a/��㡵C�_ �;�i���ߧ�w�j;��{�����^�-�k~b�8�}�����m�Şz�jқ�~r�̬�}?3n��w��sĉ���%^]��t�[WX��|/1�m�aϚ��� �]o1i���{��ّxc���#I��_k=l4���3V5ս_e|�S��Ӟ�A���/�N������e��.i#���3}�E�(�#$���q ���7z��2=���:��Ս��vqgD氠W���O�ƪ����nZ�����9hS��4T뤀i��@��ڽ �A��9ʽ�u�|�[M�k���s�]��w�G+��f���{�íGg��L�>�s���]mIi�kܟ��'��zןwv�/|�Y= Key Terms. Running the Spectrophotometer. Chlorophyll content was traditionally measured in the laboratory by extracting the chlorophyll itself from a leaf sample using acetone before calculating the chlorophyll concentration by spectrophotometrically measuring absorption at 663 nm and 645 nm. �v���s`��S�%�.sr���2f���>�d��y�v�sS�j���L��A�G�i�.S���Ɨ[uM`|ܲɝO���:$~��ֆ�ǘ�㐚�Z7��/f�0f�6/���ɋ��&]��ˠ/�o'�o��e��|&���7'���� ��|��Nƃ7��fn��_S����M�ث�:�����e�0�_>��|���[��6��=+�,�˥��n��3xàbf"�τL�P ��2GM�ݪ�&d�n�&�:+�vI��ru��R�{X�{Ϊ���U/�U�V�ćV�ćV�ćV}(��z������rR������[c?���܄��a������C|ƨ��6��;��窓/�uOqlԇ�QS�C�n�F����Xv7j�}h�~:+'��3�cv�m1=�)�&t��c�k��|���?ڪ��ߨ:&������x�� �j�}�����?���DZ�nՔ�p���Og�d����[_�>���܄��a�����齬:�h�N�a������bOq� ��܇������~૏ew��܇���O�,z�i ����2�XM� The samples were tested using 90% acetone method by using spectrophotometer (model HITACHI U-1900) to record the absorbance values with selected wavelengths namely 750 nm, 664 nm, 647 nm, and 630 nm The results showed that the chlorophyll-a concentration in microalgae increased when the absorbance was increased. The foil-wrapped sample will then be placed in a resealable plastic bag and held in darkness. <> Chl a and b contents were calculated using molar absorptivities and formulas from Lichtenthaler (1987). The extract is measured spectrophotometrically for absorbance at 664 nm (A664b) wavelength. The Thermo Scientific™ Orion™ AquaMate™ 8000 UV-Vis spectrophotometer is a good choice for this testing and meets the requirements for accepted chlorophyll . }�|z@_K����K���Sm߬�,���A���7�&o���7\��/7�R��aP��|>�`P~�����κ>�����m/UM��'����O�0�Sc�;����52�[�k�S*�/�έ��2��3�&�}ĤK�sk�ݻ��o�}P(�䵵��t�}��ʭ�1�=��؃�n⽛���|c�'�M��N�6��#����Q�i�Mq:W9�r`�4F�}��e>�9qy��n�պ�Y/0}THЎ �f5c���dFc�Fc��whj�BBS���z����G�|7S��a����C�w�33lU��{p��I�`�|w�Q�/�O�JJ��.��0���u�:�����4��Bw�+eA�e�ysS�G����2q�~09����5��"mK� }�@���X#��QJR���bL� 53 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<33E2E552E603C2E1C44100FC30C9F630><0F0301B68649994F8C7FA59EDB7AC393>]/Index[48 8]/Info 47 0 R/Length 41/Prev 23168/Root 49 0 R/Size 56/Type/XRef/W[1 2 0]>>stream ����da b`�^����l�rNFU� �(C\�f"]� B�� How a Simple UV-visible Spectrophotometer Works - Duration: 6:48. endstream endobj startxref >A���I�T����p0H���A�4���9D^���G���Q��>,���� ��F�b������3/��ֈ��ܰ���98ԯ� �kW5�������L/2��^Tx�����P��Ë��$`�U��:K3L>��4\� W��+�"�~#�=�r�t���Y�#7��a�^ޟ���M��U���!ǻ����=�r��C��~�'����{�F��շ���?Gğ��<7����:^��\�2�7^f�7_q�\]��_�/rO���?}c�x�㆛s�����}^e�p�s�>��S�W���k�? Chlorophyll is the most dominate of these pigments, absorbing specific wavelengths of the visible light when collecting energy from the sun. 6:48 . Keywords: Chlorophyll, high throughput, microplate, spectrophotometer, methanol INTRODUCTION The chlorophyll content of plants is a fundamental measurement that underpins many branches of the plant sciences. 80 %-ethanolic leaf extracts at two wavelengths. Instead of the wave-lengths determined by these A path-length of up to 5cm can be used for dilute cultures. 7.6.2 Note: Operate the spectrophotometer at a slit width no wider than 2 nm for maximum resolution. h�b```"yɰ���x�bL,�W0��D��p��� Using a spectrophotometer to measure chlorophylls in solvents is not difficult and you can look at my papers on it or look at the papers by Porra. Thus, the variability arising from manipulations involving separations, pheophytiniza-tion uponextraction, and allomerization ofthe chloro-phylls, is minimized. The spectrophotometer uses light emitting diodes (LEDs) with a dominant wavelength peak of 645nm and 663nm respectively. Courses. %�쏢 Concentration of chlorophyll a and b and total carotenoids in obtained extracts was measured spectrophotometrically (721-2000 SPECTROPHOTOMETER, China) with equations presented below (Table 1)[11], according to these measurements, each of chlorophyll a, b and total carotenoids content in fresh materials were determined. chlorophyll is desired) or at 750, 665, 663, 645, and 630 nm if both corrected and uncorrected chlorophyll are desired). Color and chlorophyll content traits of Sassafras tzumu leaves. ]�c�#3�=d�o3#����ftG�c����:Yc����k�?1���,��x`�G�E�����Y��~dч�ɢ{�c�>�鬜�#�>f����,�07�;d���\y/�^�è_>+|O�^�1���R��A�qdԔ�h���ǃ��>d 2�tVNNʹ`����ǃ��܄��a�z ���{u|�~���=�:>c�9�g���86��Ȩ)��Q7��n�F},�5�>4�?�������J�v�m�Wݯt�&t��b����2j�F����{�ƨ���t�R�adԔ�Ш��Q7��>�ݍ�r���.�1���>f�o3C���>����d��� The absorbance of the clarified extract is then measured on a spectrophotometer at 750,665,664,647 and 630 nm wavelengths before and after a 90 second HCl acidification step. Tissue samples must be frozen at approximately -56.6 C to prevent chlorophyll breakdown. The a* and b* for the calibration data range from − 3.7 to 42.87 and 5.51 to 47.67 with CV of 0.55 and 0.39 respectively and 1 to 43.92 and 6.4 to 36.95 with CV of 0.52 and 0.41 for validation data respectively. Describe your procedure as well as how you would show your results. ��Χ�)Y�ۛ�Ӈoy�x?x�����n�X�_O,�P�b�F��k��G��v{H-ق��� ��u 0 �g����^?p��:�{��J�n6�� �������|t�h�VFg��ߝ����]���t����k��/x�Y>3 Chlorophyll aabsorbs light at 433 nm and 666 nm and chlorophyll babsorbs light at 462 nm and 650 nm. Inside the mind of a master procrastinator | Tim Urban - … The LTER samples should be run at 750, 665, 664, 647, and 630 nm. 3.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION, CONTAINERS, HANDLING AND STORAGE Tissue samples will be placed in aluminum foil immediately following collection. Each of these wavelengths respresent the peak absorption ranges for chlorophyll a and b. Chlorophyll-a, b and c Plymouth Marine Laboratory Version 30/06/2014 4 4.3 Measurement. The NanoDrop One/OneCUV-Vis application can be used to observe the spectrum of each chlorophyll. What wavelength of light best distinguishes chlorophyll b from a and carotenoids? ��?w��8��UIfȬ�,3�p ���qG���\��,� ��^��������z���Ł�|��ׯ�5��z� ��.��=c��kX}����W˵ֲ��w���_�[�;s{��/o>)��kv{���y�x ��S��s��k�KM{p��� ����n/=]�O�h��4�k^/�z�����p]����/�PYV^��z]BZ��߷`�5�ןj쿼q����^��_h��+��Oo���5�ן���������G"���Zr��(�%%���7��p�>��߿�d����^��p ���Aa��w������L�/m$���/�*�mG��5���noJ�:w��+�k���r]�xq.�K�+a�+�7_���G�_��ǣ�v���?���-���B&��7�Z�2z�=����k�����|��#�j)M?._C��Q�w�rԏ�9\b"ݬKh���ꉩ�'5m���1v�TO��ś|�a]��n�Dk���E�:((#T��4x�����f_��' 2H�=DN�.��>��!���#_S�F�ί��f���K�uU�կ/5�.�����WE����[.�]O�Onח�C�6�'���S���z- w^���^9>m;��ri7S[؞�J+eW�^ښc�ݓ>��K1�����'������@䟽�$_}��_�q5�%��9��� a. testing methods, such as listed above. The light falls onto the light dependent resistors (LDRs) which decreases in resistance as more light falls upon it causing an increase in voltage as measured by the Arduino. The sample is then acidified so all chlorophyll a is converted to pheophytin a by eliminating the … If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. Learn about chlorophyll and light, why they make plants green, and why they matter to photosynthesis. ���j�}Me5�X�m��9`J����$���l͵�ۭ���X��A�{�ћS��*�H��R�e{�{h%�1���@"o'�~��|�v��V�{��+'أ���O����ӟ�՟����_\x�ӿ��W?�ӿ��Ky�ӿ��_~������?��o���|���~��e���7�o����w�����|��?������������G������^���.w ~������������q}���>|�_>���������������������݋�AG#z֖}�p3�(�B���x��}�RrX��A*����o��}`�8��;�$�}��؟���ޫ���!�m�o�PM�_R�K\M�o9�>����4��'X��L����u�_��_�E)��� [����hr�Ը��Dg����)m���~K���$K�|[�A�[��`>���A6J�/����+7�s�mmD[���V!f��g�@�[U wavelength. Search. 5 0 obj endstream endobj 52 0 obj <>stream Switch on spectrophotometer and leave to warm up for 45 min before using Place the cuvette into spectrophotometer and check the absorbance and transmittance of Chlorophyll at different wavelengths:630 nm, 646 nm, 665 nm, 750 nm Note: Whenever the wavelength is changed, its blank should be checked and corrected. How chlorophylls and other pigments absorb light. � A�AQ�4?à͙��Z�7r��S���oGU���-���\-��c����-�'�ꓦHJ�5�i����M��^i�� �8U�Q������'����'i In this lab we will use the spectrophotometer to accurately determine the chlorophyll concentration in leaves. With the spectrophotometer, the amount of a known chemical substance (concentrations) can also be determined by measuring the intensity of light detected. The chlorophyll content in each solution was measured by reading optical density (OD) on a spectrophotometer. Then the absorbance of the chlorophyll sample was measured at a series of wavelengths (colors) across a range of visible light wavelengths from 400nm (violet) to 700nm (deep red). babsorb light at slightly different wavelengths. How chlorophylls and other pigments absorb light. ; spectrophotometer: An instrument used to measure the intensity of electromagnetic radiation at different wavelengths. 2.2. This can help us iden- tify a pigment's role in a plant. h�25Q0P���wJ,Nu��+��H�)K-�LN�u��I�w�K�O��K���s�+΄�K�J*R�C��!��鷳0 v�� %PDF-1.4 ChemSurvival 305,104 views. ;b�;v�ћ����nY۰�=ǹ��>p��.ZާH�֤�„����Z�E�&���2sܭ�G��� kH�*�ZƐk��4��5�oX�گ>[s� vP-�{�U��I�R����W�nK�Ǻi���ktnfǸ$�J��k{YS�ȏ5��`�E^��w�ѩ���~�S���{�$�jRȞ�Mᖘ���$w��e!���%;�u��H��}+��}n��̃�ϰ���fp\��MF3�����O�E��܄���uK[�����6�hNޙf~U��O�����^涾Ǧ��?�����F���o�B�i^�����&�F�Z@X�3��S��adߔ�о��}7��>���r�������UMp����okl?eaOs�C��1�5� e��oy���5]7+������>�R�ͺ|@��%?c�=űY@fM�ͺ��uc?0�c�ݬ)��Y?�����!�~��~d�G���Øu*x1����`���z��v��p�?��v�x8�G���ȱl���Ñ?���⢶����1�����Sv�47�;d������u� v���]�h�.���uOqlׇ�]S�C�n�v����Xv�k�}h�~:+g�'A��1����~�s�C������C�����{ٵ��v�9~l�=ű]@vM�����uc?��c�ݮ)��]?��W�H%�[�~�n�����]�=�����]���s�>����]�3�;�5��[u(����pb���'��ɇֻ+I��Y/�`��w�{\@�^�]&����sݲ��z���>�ݬ�s���b�? First, we need to consider how spectroscopy works. If this is not the case, remove the suspect cuvette and rinse, wipe, add acetone, and rerun it. p}�E��M_� Make sure that the correct program is being run by checking the wavelengths. 7.6.1 Use a shorter or longer cell as necessary to maintain absorbance between approximately 0.1-1.0 at 663 nm. Use a spectrophotometer of 2 nm maximum bandwidth and stoppered matched glass or quartz cuvettes with path-length of 1cm. 48 0 obj <> endobj Chlorophyll pigment is sensitive to heat and light. %PDF-1.6 %���� ; carotenoid: Any of a class of yellow to red plant pigments including the carotenes and xanthophylls. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. x����%9r&Fi�k=�ٌM&��t� hcc3���E��f\p��ʺ5YQ����M�ch'3��6z�� The sample was diluted 1 in 20 in 90% acetone and the spectrum measured over the range 600 to 700nm. The wavelengths not absorbed are transmitted to our eyes, leading to the observation of green colored leaves. Spectrophotometry is a branch of electromagnetic spectroscopy concerned with the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength. 6. chlorophyll a and b? This process is time consuming, destructive to the plant material and above all, impractical in applied situations. The chlorophyll fraction – the puri-fied mixture of various chlorophyll forms (e.g. 1 Received Jan. 2, 1962. spectrophotometer estimates of chlorophyll concentrations. To avoid … [�b���({�A�Q�緧V6���y�������A},/�n���Y{�ޯ��)����Y˻�5���v|��T����y���٘�������({��K=����_2�"�䧢�+/��G�ơ��Y�=G�W_��ɍc�JG��[�R�������>;�����/~ƴ�! The formulas were showed in Table 1. The absorbance of cooled crude extracts was measured on a photodiode‐array UV‐Vis spectrophotometer (HP 8453; Hewlett‐Packard, Les Ulis, France) from 190 to 1100 nm. %%EOF The instrument has the necessary narrow band pass, covers the required wavelengths, accommodates sample cells from 1 to … 55 0 obj <>stream … tissue grinder and steeped in 90% acetone to extract chlorophyll from the algal cells. �K]c0=��F�-�������Ϛ�n1�}�{ʏ���݈�dj)\J�U�W�Ki��i>�7�q1C�B��j:��ZEw;�4S�b.Ʈ&C��� ��K1v��:�;�w7���)x�J���/ :�K}r��>=�Xď��t7�`]�-�7Z���N{e��p��a~�_�'� ,f��O����ݬ���77cč�����x����l f��2\秨�_���t��a���V�b1f0��D�hE��f�W~���Csc�m.�Bc2���p}&ɷ��E���{Ii-�XI�Q#�`�!���7�j$M֤����y�S�d�r\:9f���â�g�Ú��]F[M�����Ϙf���;L�F�t_�YWp��@LE�S�~i��w��G�Mi}��=�l�ќn�X���3|B�=/sl�ӧSe�eΖ�U���W������eXP�=�^J�|7Ey�؏d����}�Sl�q��!�� stream The computer test showed 553"5 nm to be the best wavelength for estimating chloro- phyll a, 642 nm for chlorophyll b and 606 nm for chlorophyll c concentrations. It was recorded that Chlo-rophyll a showed the maximum absorbance at 662 nm, chlorophyll b at 646 nm and total caroten at 470 nm and the amount of these pigments was calculated according to the formulas of Lichtentaler and Wellburn (1985) (14). UV-260 spectrophotometer. chlorophyll a as it absorbs in the same region of the spectrum. Quantitative Measurement of Leaf Chlorophylls by Spectrophotometry of Their Pheophytins in Aqueous Alcoholic Extracts 1, 2 J. L. Wickliff and S. Aronoff Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, & the Institute for Atomic Research, Iowa State University, Ames Donate Login Sign up. {�ļ�4�p]Ɉ�O��^R���ڇz^���W%_���{}Vsr ��˚������ͧ�Z~��<��7e�#4���bh_m?~�y�����ێk��ѣ��j��>�Z�}��o��7�᫕��a�t�U,����3�����G棘w���n��i��y��O*�׉=>Wv�B��h��;�-y���:�̽{������{y�\�]��ݏ�|�a�;郏��`��G����1�<>�r_��w�n?6������э�w~������ixP?m�0��D��9�f������h�y�Ş��uW/��>��D,i�����}���#�/x�,�֟B5����B����/O�?3#��/�~��I�'�l��������{��7p.���'$�}��F��KK�tz���X2맅�� ���>̈́�����s���W��ܛ�p�.�I8����7+��Fa�u) OQj����Ok�a����zh���8}n���u�g�ꎦ_'�'U�L�f�(���}��Ɠ��W�|��y)���I������-�Y_9�����+�#j��O���q��䭿p� Ix; ���j�? Interferences 2.2.1. }�{tPQ�u���5k iM�&�����&�H_L��c�E��;b����s;׷���rt0L���W���tz��j�9bk�o��I��z׭q؍���vP�� h�bbd`b`�bb`Hab`\ī���012�g���` � Chlorophyll fraction. y�n�ݳ���� {��{��{/|�X��R\z����s܍�/�����������+d����ށ�;���]��c��$�� �n����rw#�Pz���Wk������]�P�E]��vX !��f���oO>�O؛ͮ�_��[w�������Z���%��%(���T���%�{��6�w��[pє��nZ����k����1��$�T�����T�ݨ-�R�u�=�'���5Ž (�\[Ǩ�x�%�V���߻�����:�6����i�4[cX��Į��6�߷V5�t͵���ү�ܿ`e���Y���զ�]-��׿i�uo ������_kP��[�f��[�H�jl)�� ��>�r{��7�\���d�����n��i7w*��5R~�f��_�����K��lAߨ�}O2]h�L�ه[m���݆��uo Check the performance and accuracy of your spectrophotometer right in your own laboratory using the Thermo Scientific™ SPECTRONIC Standards. ~ 675 nm ~ 520-530 nm ~ 650 nm Spectrophotometers . wavelengths and chlorophyll a and b concentrations are calculated. �dt7;�gC���vf���S����~a�s�����/״b��g�f�7�_��ޤ��CRXK�W�V���b�s/~�zum=� ��]���s흰���KW�w˫�o� �6�'o����T�-�׆L�mn�L�82Ib��#c>C�ڏ\�e��i�� ��3G|��Z����&�-�[�?�8(-����Ysή=�����qK."�������p�;��3f�c�T�! H�\��n�0Ee�)P���e� Po*Y�L�,$Ґ�������6#����w�=� �9�M�QpG�QB����V"���X+�XK�$���Dp<. All of the readings at all wavelengths should be within .001 of 0. The sample is clarified through centrifugation. chlorophyll forms, as well as accessory pigments, carot-enoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) [21]. U;�r��jeS.��E�d�)�/�&P�k���~��C�a~�}�7�i_���g-��:��go�5tMs����G䯆_�y�Z��\BZ7��z@yg��8���c43bgu�W��V=Uh�w�z������`tu��4�xQ���B��ħ�̯�!� �b����%6~���QU�Zm�w=�!�����j�ˡ% �s� ��㌥�;�%[� [��ħ]w1L�d�}sc���\2*o����nY{�^�/ߔk�ˢUaً��쫙"�*V��؜�ۻ��?�ëK��S��o�zw%�����u�׵�gښ��~f����v�5�����N�{�b�{� ���봠�i�t_������׃�zf' CM�����'��i����(y~� endstream endobj 49 0 obj <> endobj 50 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 51 0 obj <>stream aand chlorophyll band identify major absorbance peaks (Figure 1). Spectrophotometry Fall, 2010 Dr. Robert A. Robergs, Ph.D., FASEP, EPC 5 Genesys 10 Spectrophotometer. Equipment for testing chlorophyll a by spectrophotometer . Chlorophylls a and b are thereby measured as their pheophytins. Given a pure sample of chlorophyll b and a spectrophotometer, how would you measure the ability of the pigment to absorb various wavelengths? The calculated chlorophyll a and b concentrations were 0.91mg/l and 0.19mg/l respectively, therefore the ratio of chlorophyll a to b in this sample is 1:0.21. ���nַ7�&�̳w��V�oUvy?��n/ݚ��ۜv���Q;��R�痶_�#�C��;��Ӡ;,s�!c��6�YJC2�7����ɽՃ��ɽչc��m�]�]���N��L��K\��4UA�vb��C�6�]���a�#�q� Absorbance is a measure of the light absorbed by a solution. N:��t�4wW�"�W֡ȣ�c��)�z���c���KW�O=�{�2�˴c�y��1���I�5u��Cә�]V�M^:��S����n��є���̿Gq��8���OZ�7�翛����+�X0��d��ɿi���mo���� L{�aᦗ�/NLWH�!�a��1?�����~�7�n��of�K���>ai_N>���g����g�gNF���'�vD�d��X¼S1��%᝕S7h���M&��_N�M=ڴ�d���_4�u�ɢ���"�����k����Ͱ�x�I�;�K��^:����hkX���lz��X�.�˺��WL7@f��s�g���2)t�*��-m���OQG�L?����.d�������g�U�|'��/l]��[��+�5"�r�\��m�W�7ev�A�3���;i��ݛ��og>1��p^����H�������?�[5_Ζ{�'��K���m)��w߄��U�G{�3QnG���{�`�`�Ÿ��i;��O��H�����dx��K�p��8Iyg�����y'iU���ɨ�����iE�T��. The raw chlorophyll extract was diluted to a concentration that would absorb the proper amount of light to read within the limits of the spectrophotometer T/A meter scales. A spectrophotometer is an instrument that measures the amount of photons (the intensity of light) absorbed after it passes through sample solution. As the absorption spectra of 80% acetone, 90% acetone, and 95% ethanol were similar in a given wavelength (Porra 2002, Li et al. Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Spectrophotometry.ppt [Compatibility Mode] Author: Robert Robergs Created Date: 8/23/2010 3:28:15 … F�7��O v�j~�� ��o'���Q�d(������O�FOqo槚���Y��2?�ow눋Ϛ��ȣ���D�������#��˽�.^�c���1)�c~n|ҽ�����d&o�;�œ����ؿ�K6y-��wo������lb�g��A��z���f�~�,E}^�l:����n�_��%\� �.�[������m��s��+��Es�nZ��oo�Y�ܰ? �?�[���O�̪e��u�a���j�ϭ틘�֐�>?�Lߚ���D$@��S�^ @��6�[��k�% �uT�>a�� chlorophyll: Any of a group of green pigments that are found in the chloroplasts of plants and in other photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria. An absorption spectrum is a plot of absorbance vs. wavelength. This lab we will use the spectrophotometer at a slit width no wider than nm... ~ 675 nm ~ 650 nm Spectrophotometers LEDs ) with a dominant peak! Light when collecting energy from the algal cells Duration: 6:48 of green colored.... 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