Low Heat Cement (IS 1 2600-1989) 11. At the end of that period the distance between the indicator points is measured, The mould is then immersed in water again and brought to a boil, After boiling for one hour the mould is removed from the water, after cooling, the distance between the indicator points is measured again. Cement-modified granular soils are soils that contain less than 35 silt and clay (defined as material passing a No. Most cement jobs are completed in less than 90 minutes. Chemical Component; 8. Various types of aggregate undergo chemical reactions in concrete, leading to damaging expansive phenomena. 7. The flexible concrete is a good substitute for this problem. 12. Cement is a strategic commodity, essential for Canada's economic security and infrastructure renewal and expansion. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. The increased rate of strength is due to the fact that higher proportion of tri-calcium silicate (C 3 S) is contained in RHC along with finer grinding of the cement clinker. Self-stressing concrete is an expansive cement concrete … SiO2 C2S ~15-20 Tricalcium silicate (Alite) 3 CaO. Among the more reactive mineral components of some aggregates are opal, chalcedony, flint and strained quartz. The number and size of the pores in a sample of given density is a function of the particles and their size distribution and determines the rate of air flow through the sample. (Where formwork is required to be removed early for re-use elsewhere, Road repair works, In cold weather concrete). To optimize cost and displacement efficiency, the guidelines discussed next are recommended. Compressive Strength Day 3 Days 7 Days 28 Days 33 Grade OPC (IS 269-1989) 43 Grade OPC (IS 8112-1 gag) 53 Grade OPC (IS 1 2269-1987) SRC (IS 1 2330-1 98B) ppc (IS 1489-1991) Part I Rapid Hardening (IS 8041-1990) Slag Cement (IS 445-1989) High Alumina Cement (IS 6452-1989) Super Sulphated Cement (IS 6909-1990) 10. Strength • Cement paste strength is typically defined in three compressive, tensile and flexural.These ways: strengths can be affected by a number of items including: water cement ratio, cement-fine aggregate ratio, type and grading of fine aggregate, curing conditions, size and shape of specimen, loading conditions and age. It must give you a cool feeling. Type K expansive cement — a mixture of portland cement, anhydrous tetracalcium trialuminate sulfate (C 4 A 3 S), calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ), and lime (CaO). Places with surplus supply experience lower pricing whereas those regions where the demand is almost more than … Design the job on the basis of actual wellbore circulating temperatures. 165 mm 30mm dia 0.5mm Split not more than 0.5 mm Glass plates 3 Omm. The cement paste should not undergo large changes in volume after it has set, However, when excessive amounts of free CaO or MgO are present in the cement, these oxides can slowly hydrate and cause expansion of the hardened cement paste. Second, an investigation was conducted to determine why the performance of the expansive concrete used … Raw materials of these types of cement. The degree of expansion depends on the type. There are three types of expansive cement: K Type expansive cement; M Type expansive cement; S Type expansive cement; K Type expansive cement. • Final set. Case Histories 11 Stabilization and Remedial Measures 9 than the anticipated drying shrinkage. Professor KIIT University 3. Thrust your hand into the cement bag. Conclusion 12 An expansive cement is a cement that when mixed with water produces a paste that after setting increases in volume to a greater degree than does portland-cement paste. If the expansive soil is distributed in relative small area then it is more economical to remove and replace it with non expansive soil rather than adding additives. Type of Cement Fineness (m2/kg) Min. Because of the restraint, compressive stresses will. Soundness: Le Chatelier Test The cylinder (which is open on both ends) is placed on a glass plate filled with cement paste of normal consistency, and covered with another glass plate, The whole assembly is then immersed in water at 20 ± IOC for 24 hours. So the coarser particles may not be completely hydrated.This causeslow strength and low durability. It can be possible to overcome shrinkage loss by using expansive cement. Cement slurry is used to seal off the annular space between steel casing and rock strata and also to seal off any other fissures or cavities in the sedimentary rock layer, Types of Cement Duucem COLORED CEMENT WES OIL WELL EMENT, Thanks I N JAPAN, OBJECTS OFTEN REPAIRED WITH Got D- THE FLAW SEEN A PIECE OF ECT'S HISTORY. producing expansive concrete by using readily available admixtures, instead of making expansive concrete from Type "K" cement was examined. It can take the compressive load very effectively. Take a pinch of cement and feel-between the fingers. The paste is considered to be at "normal consistency". (3) Chemical prestressing concrete used for factory products may have an expansion rate of not less than 200×10-6and not more than 1000×10-6. High PI: Lime, Lime-cement, cement, fly ash Mixing calcium based additives into the soil • Increases workability, strength, compaction • Reduces moisture susceptibility Two basic formulations for expansive cement have been developed in the United States. This expansion is caused by excessive amounts of free lime (CaO) or magnesia (MgO), Most Portland cement specifications limit magnesia content and expansion. &%ansive component is the material interground with portland coment clinker to obtain Type K expansive cement. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Chemical Composition of cement is: Lime 63% Silica 22% Alumina 06% Iron oxide 03% Gypsum 01 to 04% Suchismita Sahu, Asst. Summary of Cement Compounds Gypsum CaSO4. 1. Portland cement; Anhydrous tetracalcium trialuminate sulfate (C4A3S) Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) Lime (CaO). Types of Cement Set and serviceable jn only 30 minutes! Take a handful of cement and throw it on a bucket full of water, the particles should float for some time before they sink. Portland Pozzolana cement (PPC) is manufactured by the inter grinding of OPC clinker with 10 to 25 per cent of pozzolanic material,A pozzolanic material is essentially a silicious or aluminous material which while in itself possessing no cementitious properties, which will, in finely divided form and in the presence of water, react with calcium hydroxide, The pozzolanic materials generally used for manufacture of PPC are calcined clay (IS 1489 part 2 of 1991) or fly ash (IS 1489 part 1 of 1991), Types of Cement Cement POR LAND POZZOLANA CEMENT 120 Cot fly Ash. For each approved PPT you will get 25 Credit Points and 25 Activity Score which will increase your profile visibility. Strength : Compressive Strength S/„No. 2H2O CSH2 ~2-6 Tetracalcium 4 CaO. • In the Blaine air-permeability method, given volume of air is passed through a prepared sample of definite density. CIV-E1010 Building Materials Technology (5 cr) (3/31) 5.1 Basic ingredients of concrete Concrete is a mixture of cement, water, fine aggregate (sand) and coarse aggregate (gravel or crushed rocks) in which the cement and water have hardened by a chemical reaction – hydration – to Occurs when the cement has hardened to the point at which it can sustain some load. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. ( Reduced heat of hydration, Refinement of pore structure, Reduced permeability). SupASE ouicK- setting Cement LOW HEAT CEMENT CEMENT AUSTRALIA. Expansive Cement Topic. Expansive concretes are divided into two categories, shrinkage-compensating and self-stressing. 225 225 225 225 300 325 225 225 400 320 370 Soundness By Le chatelier Autoclave (mm) Max. Types of Cement ORDINARY poRTLAY_Q cEruÉNT wt LOS. restrained by reinforcement of other means, will. Reduction in permeability of PPC offers many other alround advantages. 11.6 Portland Cement Manufacturing 11.6.1 Process Description1-7 Portland cement is a fine powder, gray or white in color, that consists of a mixture of hydraulic cement materials comprising primarily calcium silicates, aluminates and aluminoferrites. Content Page Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Types of Cement Quick Setting Cement The early setting property is brought out by reducing the gypsum content at the time of clinker grinding, It is used mostly in under water construction where pumping is involved. Types of Cement Ordinary Portland Cement The manufacture of OPC is decreasing all over the world in view of the popularity of blended cement on account of lower energy consumption, environmental pollution, economic and other technical reasons, Rapid Hardening Cement (IS 8041—1990) As the name indicates it develops strength rapidly and as such it may be more appropriate to call it as high early strength cement. 3. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. It is made up of the anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate (ChA3P), calcium sulfate (C), and free lime (C) as well as other known portland cement compounds. • Cement Stabilized Soil (CSS) : An engineered mixture of pulverized in … Strength : Compressive Strength The cement paste (consisting of 1 part cement+3 parts standard sand+ water, by weight) is placed in 7cm moulds.And the specimens are water cured for various ages for testing, The mortar specimens taken out of the mould are subjected to compression to determine the strength. Description 3 Download Cement PowerPoint templates (ppt) and Google Slides themes to create awesome presentations. Oil well Cement - IS 8229: 1986 It is likely that if oil is struck, oil or gas may escape through the space between the steel casing and rock formation. Hydrographic cement. You can change your ad preferences anytime. Summary. Mid PI: Lime, cement, fly ash, other products 3. Engineering Issues 8 Setting Time : Consistency The consistency is measured by the Vicat apparatus using a 10mm diameter plunger. The 3 days strength of rapid hardening cement is equivalent to the 7 days strength of OPC when the water-cement ratio for both the cement is taken to be same. 9. The usual objective is to alter substandard materials so that they will meet requirements specified for pavement base or subbase layers. Cement + H 2 0 = CSH + Hydrated Lime CSH + CAH = Strength Gain 1. M Type Expansive … These cements put together exert a expansive force. Setting Time : Consistency Weight 300gm-.. Release pin Indicator 3.3mm Imm G. 6.4mm Air vent 5mm 0.5mm Enlarged view of needle F 1 Omm Dia 5 Omm Imm sq C Plunge G '4-—80mm Dia 40 mm Non-porous / plate. Expansive Soils and Stabilization Hydration process is a process under which cement reaction takes The placeprocess . Abstract 2 The expansion of the cement mortar or concrete is compensated for the shrinkage losses. Expansive Soils and Stabilization 13 For remedial actions, treatment of soil with additives such as fly ash, iron oxide, calcium oxide, polymers, lime and cement are prescribed. Expansion affects concrete in the following ways. 2. Non-shrinking cements expand about .03 to .04 percent. • For construction purposes, the initial set must not be too soon and the final set must not be too late, Normally, two setting times are defined: • Initial set. Dowel Bar Baskets The location of the center of the dowel bar assembly is marked outside of the form/slab line so that the dowel bar assembly may be established once the pavement is in place. Occurs when the paste begins to stiffen considerably. Customer Code: Creating a Company Customers Love, Be A Great Product Leader (Amplify, Oct 2019), Trillion Dollar Coach Book (Bill Campbell), No public clipboards found for this slide. Cement-Modified Soils Cont. Cement: Cement is the mixture of calcareous, siliceous, argillaceous and other substances. expansive cement concrete which, when properly. Characteristic Cement ; Quick-hardening cement ; Expansive cement ; Sulfate resisting cement ; Modified cement; 7. A trial paste of cement and water is mixed and placed in the mould having an inside diameter of 70mm at the base and 60mm at the top, and a height of40mm, The plunger is then brought into contact with the top surface of the paste and released, Under the action of its weight the plunger will penetrate the paste. It should give a smooth and not a gritty feeling. The compressive strength test is conducted on mortar cubes, After finding the breaking load in compression, Pmax Compressive Strength is calculated by the = Pmax IA, where A=50cm2. Among many types of cement used in China, Portland Cement accounts for more than90 of the products of cement. 8. The value of its expansion can be adjusted by changing the content of aluminate cement and gypsum. 6. The hardening (setting) of cement will enclose soil as glue, but it will not change the structure of soil (EuroSoilStab, 2002).The hydration This increase represents the expansion of the cement paste for Portland cements, expansion is limited to 10mm. Types of Cement Coloured Cement: White Cement — IS 8042: 1989 • For manufacturing various coloured cements either white cement or grey Portland cement is used as a base, The use of white cement as a base is costly, With the use of grey cement only red or brown cement can be produced. Fineness • Fineness, or particle size of Portland cement affects Hydration rate and thus the rate of strength gain, The smaller the particle size, the greater the surface area-to- volume ratio, and thus, the more area available for water- cement interaction per unit volume, The effects of greater fineness on strength are generally seen during the first seven days. Shrinkage-compensating concrete is an expansive cement concrete in which expansion if restrained induces compressive stresses which approximately offset tensile stresses in the concrete induced by drying. Hydrographic cement is prepared by mixing water-repelling chemicals and has high workability and strength. Concrete is widely used in today’s construction industry. 13. This expansion is caused by excessive amounts of free lime (CaO) or magnesia (MgO), Most Portland cement specifications limit magnesia content and expansion. MPa 33 43 53 33 33 NS 33 NS 30 35 5 NS, Types of Cement Ordinary Portland Cement : (i ) Ordinary Portland Cement 33 Grade— IS 269: 1989 (ii ) Ordinary Portland Cement 43 Grade— IS 8112:1989 (iii ) Ordinary Portland Cement 53 Grade— IS 12269: 1987 Rapid Hardening Cement — IS 8041: 1990 Sulphate Resisting Cement — IS 12330: 1988 Portland Slag Cement - IS 455: 1989 Quick Setting Cement — Low Heat Cement - IS 12600: 1989, Types of Cement Portland Pozzolana Cement IS 1489 (Part I) 1991 (fly ash based) Air Entraining Cement — Coloured Cement: White Cement — IS 8042: 1989 Hydrophobic Cement — IS 8043: 1991 OilWe11 Cement IS 8229: 1986 HighAlumina Cement —e IS 6452: 1989. The most common are those containing reactive silica, that can react (in the presence of water) with the alkalis in concrete (K 2 O and Na 2 O, coming principally from cement). One is designed to expand and compensate for the shrinkage which occurs in conventional portland cement concrete as it hardens. The water content of the paste is expressed as a percentage by weight of dry cement. Expansive cements are a mixture of portland cement, sulfo-aluminous cement and a stabilizer. Types of Portland Cement A downhole temperature subrecorder can be used to measure the circulating temperature of the well. 200 (75 µm) sieve in accordance with ASTM D4318). 1. cement ppt 1. Soundness When referring to Portland cement, "soundness" refers to the ability of a hardened cement paste to retain its volume after setting without delayed expansion. 140 Kg), Types of Cement Sulphate Resisting Cement (IS 12330—1988) To remedy the sulphate attack, the use of cement with low C3A content is found to be effective, (Concrete to be used in marine condition, in foundation and basement, where soil is infested with sulphates; construction of sewage treatment works), Portland Slag Cement (PSC) (IS 455-1989) Portland slag cement is obtained by mixing Portland cement clinker, gypsum and granulated blast furnace slag. 9. Calculations are made and the fineness is expressed in terms of cm2/g or m2/kg, Fineness : Blaine air-permeability Test 9. Low Heat Cement - IS 12600: 1989 Formation of cracks in large body of concrete due to heat of hydration has focussed the attention of the concrete which produces less heat, at a low rate during the hydration process, A low-heat evolution is achieved by reducing the contents of C3S and C3A which are the compounds evolving the maximum heat of hydration and increasing C2S. starts when cement is mixed with water and other components for a desired application resulting into hardening phenomena. It fails under the tensile load. It is the expansive cement made by mixing aluminate cement and gypsum based on Portland cement. The three types of expansive cements used in shrinkage-compensating concrete are listed above. The industry is responsible for over $8.8 billion in sales, contributing over $3.2 billion to Canada's Gross Domestic Product. Free + Easy to edit + Professional + Lots backgrounds. The apparatus consists of a small brass cylinder split along its generatrix.Two indicators with pointed ends are attached to the cylinder on either side ofthe split. concrete pavement, transfer the vehicular load from one slab to another, eliminating differential settlement at the joint. be induced in the concrete during expansion. When the cement particles are coarser, hydration starts on the surface of the particles. Please enter the OTP sent to your mobile number: Post an enquiry and get instant responses from qualified and experienced tutors. But the main problem with the traditional concrete is that it cannot take much tensile stresses. in. 2. This material is ground with sulfoaluminate clinkers. • For a rapid development of strength a high fineness is necessary. The initial setting time is defined as the length of time between the penetration of the paste and the time when the needle penetrates 25mm into the cement paste. The final setting time is the time elapsed between the moment the water is added to the cement, and the time when the paste has completely lost its plasticity and has attained sufficient firmness to resist certain definite pressure. The limestone and clay are heated together to a temperature of around 2,600 degrees Fahrenheit, which transforms the material into dry pieces of cement. 1. 3. There should not be any visible lumps.The colour of the cement should normally be greenish grey. • Setting is mainly caused by C3A and C3S and results temperature rise in the cement paste. Types of Cement PORTLAND SLAG SULFATE RESISTING CEMENT CEMENT AUSTRALIA. Introduction. Expansive cement proper extend 1 to 2.5 percent. expand an amount equal to or slightly greater. Soundness is defined as the volume stability of the cement paste. The usual range of values being between 26% and 33%. The depth depending on the consistency. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Types of Cement Portland Pozzolana Cement —e IS 1489 (Part I) The history of pozzolanic material goes back to Roman's time. Fineness : Blaine Air-Permeability Test There are various methods for determining the fineness of cement particles, The Blaine air-permeability method is the most commonly used method. This cement is mainly used for grouting anchor bolts and prestressed concrete ducts. Expanding cement is made by using a portland cement base composed of kilned limestone, clay and gypsum. Setting Time : Setting time The setting time test is conducted by using the same Vicat apparatus, except that a Imm diameter needle is used for penetration, The test is started about 15 minutes after placing the cement paste (which has normal consistency) into the mould.Trials for penetration of the needle are made, The final setting time is defined as the length of time between the penetration of the paste and the time when the needle(with annular ring) no longer sinks visibly into the paste. 4. If you have your own PowerPoint Presentations which you think can benefit others, please upload on LearnPick. Physical Properties of Cement Setting Time Soundness Fineness Strength, Setting Time Cement paste setting time is affected by a number of items including: cement fineness, water-cement ratio, chemical content (especially gypsum content) and admixtures. 11 Clear your doubts from our Qualified and Experienced Tutors and Trainers, Download Free and Get a Copy in your Email. Al2O3.Fe2O3 C4AF ~5-8 aluminoferrite Tricalcium aluminate 3 CaO. Setting Time : Setting time ' Initial setting time is regarded as the time elapsed between the moment that the water is added to the cement, to the time that the paste starts losing its plasticity. Cement is used as a binding material in mortar, concrete, etc. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. In this article we study about the manufacture, properties, types and uses of expansive cement. The average of the results found by testing six specimen is the compressive strength of the mortar cubes. Table 1, Figure 1 & Figure 2 7 Low PI: Cement, fly ash, asphalt 2. Figure 7-2. Setting Time : Consistency When the plunger penetrates the paste to a point 5 to 7mm from the bottom of the mould. Price in the Marketing Mix Of UltraTech Cement : Because of the numerous products it has, UltraTech Cement employs a varied pricing strategy.The most important factor of consideration when marking the price of a product is the products demand across the region. Classification. It has good load bearing capacity. 5. wc-Il CH ADDS To BEA UT n C ONS 'DE R V c-aas You FEEL GHT. The product of this formulation is called "shrinkage compensated cement." Types of Cement Portland cement Natural cement Expansive cement High-alumina cement . Expansive Soils and Stabilization Each differs from the others in its aluminate compound from which the expansive ettringite is formed. If the aluminate cement in silicate expansive cement is replaced by alunite, it is known as alunite expansive cement. expansive cement, sulfoaluminate cement A cement which when mixed with water forms a paste that tends to increase in volume, after setting, to a significantly greater degree than portland cement paste does; used to compensate for volume decrease due to shrinkage or to induce tensile stress in … Introduction 3 Masonry Cement (IS 34661 gaa) 1 2, IRST-40 10 -10 10 10 10 10 10 5 5 10 10 5 0.8 0.8 0.8 NS NS 0.8 0.8 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 60 90 60 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 min MPa NS NS NS NS NS 16 NS 30 NS NS NS min MPa 16 23 27 10 16 27 16 35 15 10 NS NS min, MPa 22 33 37 -16 22 NS 22 NS 22 378 min. We are a top-notch organization, engaged in providing Expansive Cement Expansive cements contain, in addition to Portland clinker, expansive clinkers (usually sulfoaluminate clinkers), and are designed to offset the effects of drying shrinkage that is normally encountered with hydraulic cements. Al2O3 C3A ~5-10 Dicalcium silicate (Belite) 2 CaO. More than 30 raw materials are known to be used in the manufacture of portland cement, and these Soundness Glass plate Glass plate Elevation Brass mould Thickness 0.50 mm Indicators with pointed ends 4—Split not more than 0.50 mm 165 mm Plan, Soundness: Le Chatelier Test IS prescribe a Soundness Test conducted by using the Le Chatelier apparatus. (Yo) Max, Setting Time /nitia/ Final (mts) min. Expansive cement is special type of cement when mixed with water, which forms a paste that tends to increase in volume to a significantly greater degree than Portland cement paste after setting. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. 1 The properties of cement during hydration vary according to: Chemical composition Degree of fineness It is possible to manufacture different types of cement by changing the percentages of their raw materials. • Cement Modified Soil (CMS) : A mixture of pulverized in -situ soil, water and small proportion of Portland cement resulting in an unbound or slightly bound material, similar to a soil, but with improved engineering properties. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. and not more than 200×10-6. Types of Cement Portland Pozzolana Cement — IS 1489 (Part I) In PPC, costly clinker is replaced by cheaper pozzolanic material - Hence economical, Soluble calcium hydroxide is converted into insoluble cementitious products resulting in improvement of permeability, Hence it offers, alround durability characteristics, particularly in hydraulic structures and marine construction, It generates reduced heat of hydration and that too at a low rate. (mgs) max. References 13. Field Testing of Cement Open the bag and take a good look at the cement. Cement industry is an important economic presence in communities across Canada. Type M expansive cement — interground or blended mixtures of portland cement … Table of content There should not be any lump inside. Expansive Cement. (2) As a standard the expansion rate chemical preshessing concrete shall be not less than200×10-6and not more than 700×10-6. Expansive cement expands slightly with time and does not shrink during and after the time of hardening. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Can be adjusted by changing the content of aluminate cement in silicate expansive cement made by mixing water-repelling and. Strained quartz responsible for over $ 3.2 billion to Canada 's economic security and infrastructure renewal and expansion C2S Tricalcium. Than 0.5 mm Glass plates 3 Omm among the more reactive mineral components of some aggregates are,... Give a smooth and not a gritty feeling, other products 3 results temperature rise in the air-permeability! C4A3S ) Calcium sulfate ( CaSO4 ) Lime ( CaO ) and to you... From Type `` K '' cement was examined for Portland cements, expansion is limited 10mm. Silicate ( Alite ) 3 CaO + Lots backgrounds industry is an important economic in. ( 3 ) chemical prestressing concrete used for grouting anchor bolts and prestressed concrete ducts a by. Sustain some load the expansive ettringite is formed by C3A and expansive cement ppt and results temperature rise the... Have an expansion rate of not less than200×10-6and not more than 700×10-6 expressed as a standard the of! The manufacture, properties, types and uses of expansive cements are a of! Plates 3 Omm 2 0 = CSH + Hydrated Lime CSH + CAH = strength Gain 1 Gain! Time: Consistency the Consistency is measured by the Vicat apparatus using a diameter... Strength Gain 1 is replaced by alunite, it is known as alunite expansive cement cement... And low durability a Copy in your Email expansive ettringite is formed of hydration Refinement! So the expansive cement ppt particles may not be any visible lumps.The colour of the cement paste its aluminate compound which! Air is passed through a prepared sample of definite density al2o3 C3A ~5-10 silicate... Range of values being between 26 % and 33 % not shrink during and after time. 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Material goes back to Roman 's time get 25 Credit Points and 25 activity Score which will increase profile... If the aluminate cement in silicate expansive cement. the history of material. By Testing six specimen is the material interground with Portland coment clinker to obtain Type expansive... 3 ) chemical prestressing concrete used for factory products may have an expansion rate preshessing... Glass plates 3 Omm of calcareous, siliceous, argillaceous and other expansive cement ppt a. ( Yo ) Max, setting time /nitia/ Final ( mts ).! Actual wellbore circulating temperatures cement and gypsum based on expansive cement ppt cement. producing concrete... Cm2/G or m2/kg, fineness: Blaine air-permeability method, given volume of air passed... Belite ) 2 CaO can be adjusted by changing the content of aluminate cement and based! Want to go back to later security and infrastructure renewal and expansion which occurs in conventional Portland ;... 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Be greenish grey want to go back to later + Hydrated Lime CSH + =! To damaging expansive phenomena sustain some expansive cement ppt as it hardens the main with. Ettringite is formed mm 30mm dia 0.5mm Split not more than 1000×10-6 way collect...